What does social exclusion reflect on a societal level?

Social exclusion reflects inadequate social cohesion and integration on a societal level. This concept encompasses the broader implications of how individuals or groups are marginalized, often leading to their disengagement from the mainstream society. When social cohesion is weak, it indicates that certain segments of the population do not have the same opportunities to participate in social, economic, and political life as others. This lack of integration can manifest in various ways, such as discrimination, stigma, or isolation, preventing effective communication and interaction among different societal groups.

While the other options touch on specific areas that can contribute to social exclusion—such as economic resources, educational opportunities, and access to healthcare—they are more focused aspects of the broader issue of social cohesion. Inadequate social cohesion and integration serve as an underlying factor that contributes to various forms of disadvantage, ultimately leading to social exclusion and impacting an individual's ability to participate fully in society.