What term describes the concept that values and norms can only be understood in their specific cultural context?

Cultural relativism is the concept that suggests values, norms, and practices should be understood based on the context of the specific culture in which they exist, rather than judged against the standards of another culture. It emphasizes the idea that each culture has its own unique ways of understanding the world, and that these differences should be acknowledged and respected.

This approach encourages an appreciation for diversity and promotes the understanding that what is considered "normal" or "acceptable" varies widely across different societies. For example, customs that might seem peculiar or even inappropriate from one cultural standpoint can hold great significance and meaning within another culture.

In contrast, the other terms do not capture this specific idea about understanding cultural elements in their own context. Cultural transmission refers to the way in which culture is passed from one generation to the next. Ethnicity describes the shared cultural traits and identity of a group, while discrimination involves unjust treatment of individuals based on their group identity and does not pertain to understanding values and norms within their cultural context. Thus, cultural relativism accurately encapsulates the notion that one must consider the specific cultural backdrop to fully grasp the meaning of different cultural values and norms.