Which of the following best describes 'research methods'?

The term 'research methods' is fundamentally defined as the tools and techniques that researchers employ to collect and analyze data in their investigations. This encompasses a wide array of techniques that can include both qualitative and quantitative approaches, allowing researchers to gain insights into human behavior, social phenomena, and cultural practices. By utilizing these methods, researchers can systematically gather data, which can then be analyzed to draw conclusions or develop theories.

In contrast, the other options mischaracterize what research methods entail. Focusing solely on qualitative approaches neglects the breadth of research methods available, which also includes quantitative and mixed methods. Defining research methods as purely theoretical frameworks overlooks the practical aspects of how data is gathered and utilized. Lastly, stating that research methods are devoid of practical applications fails to recognize their fundamental role in producing knowledge and informing real-world practices.