Which term best describes the systematic ranking of individuals or groups in a society?

The term "social stratification" accurately describes the systematic ranking of individuals or groups within a society. It refers to the hierarchical arrangement, which can be based on various factors such as wealth, power, education, race, or other social characteristics. Social stratification helps to explain how resources and opportunities are distributed unequally among different segments of the population, leading to varying levels of privilege and access.

Understanding social stratification is crucial for analyzing the dynamics of social relations and how they contribute to inequalities. This concept encompasses various forms of stratification—such as class stratification, which specifically relates to economic differences—but it is broader and more comprehensive in defining the overall structure of hierarchical relationships in society.

The other terms, while related to social dynamics, do not precisely capture the concept of systematic ranking. "Social class," for example, is a component of social stratification that focuses specifically on economic status. "Social mobility" pertains to the ability of individuals or groups to move up or down the social hierarchy, reflecting changes in their social class or status over time. "Social exclusion" refers to the processes by which certain groups are marginalized or denied access to resources and opportunities, but it does not itself describe the ranking system within society.